Linux File Hierarchy Concepts
Some Important Directories
The home directory
/root /home/username
The bin directories
/bin,/user/bin,/usr/local/bin 常用执行文件
/sbin, /user/sbin, /usr/local/sbin 系统管理可执行文件
Foreign filesystem mountpoints
/mnt amd /media
3.Other Important Directories
/etc --system config files
/tmp
/boot --kernel and bootloader
/dev --device
/usr --Programs
Lost+found --遗失的片段
/var --存放经常变动的文件，如：log,email
/srv --存放目前所有和server有关的服务
/proc --反应kernel的环境，是虚拟的目录，不占用任何磁盘空间
The lib directories
/lib,/usr/lib,/usr/local/lib
Current Working Directory (CWD)
Usage: pwd
5. File and Directory Names (文件命名规则）
Less than 255 characters
all characters are valid,except the “/”,若用空格等特殊字符作为文件名，必须用引号把这个字符括起来
Names are case-sensitive(大小写是敏感的）例如：Mail,mail mAil,是不同的文件
6. Absolute Pathnames (绝对路径）
Begin with a slash(/)
Complete “road map” to file location
//为文件位置作指向
Can be used anytime you wish to specify a file name
7. Relative Pathname
Don't begin with a slash(/)
specify location relative to your current working directory
Can be used as a thort way to specify a file
8. Change Directory
command: cd
9. Listing Directory Concents
查看当前目录本身的属性：ls -ld
10. Copying Files and Directories
Usage:
cp [options] file destination
More than one files may be copied at a time if the destination is a directory
cp [options] file1 file2 destination
cp技巧：
cp -p file dest 保持文件拷贝前的时间
11. Linux Copying Files and Directories //linux中复制行为是怎么动作的
If destination exists and is a file ,the copy overwrite the destination file
If the destination is a directory,and is exists,the copy is placed there with the same name
If the destination doesn't exist,the copy is created with that name
14. Creating and Removing Files
rm -- remove files
Usage
rm [options] file
-i --interactive(确认信息）
-r --删除目录时必用选项
-f --force
Redhat 中，rm在普通用户下使用时，默认不带-i参数，在root用户下使用时，默认会带-i参数
touch create files
若所要建立的文件已在存在，则会改变文件的修改时间，不会改变其内容。 15. Creating and Removing Directory
mkdir --create directory
rmdir --remove an empty directory
rm -r --remove a directory
16. Using Nautilus
Gnome Graphical filesystem browser
Can run in “spatial” and “Browser” mode
Spatial --open directory in each window
Browser --open all directories in one window
18. Ceterming File Content
File can contain many types of data
syntax
file [options] filenames
20. Viewing Text Page by Page
syntax:
less [options] filename
Uage:
/text --search
n/N --next/previous match
v --open file in text editor
space -next page
b --previous page
Ctrl+d --next falf page
Ctrl+u --previous half page
g --to top of the file
G --to bottom of the file
/text --find text downward
?text --find text forward
v --editor mode
q --quit
......
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博文
恙
7 年前
